Farnam Street心智模型栅格
文章目录
著名的学习博客Farnam Street基于查理·芒格的心智模型栅格方法,整理了一系列思考和行动的框架,用来指导人们更好地认识世界,做出更好的决策。我整理成了快速参考表格,部分可点击连接跳转原始博文或百科释义。
阅读和整理最大的感受是,建立心智模型本身就是一种可能会造就启发式认知偏差的方法,对待真知的科学方法应是,从芒格这样的启发者得到“面包屑”,找到面包屑对应的每块面包,再研究面包原始作者、配方、菜谱、吃法,然后上升到去了解面包制作者和他的面包店,要能够了解到不同面包的流派,站在时间轴上看待面包的流行口味和永恒口味。最终,从无尽的分类学研究里抽离出来,build一间属于自己的面包店,与这个世界进行真实而睿智的交锋,无论是要成为美食家,还是自给自足的小店店主,都是可以接受的。
心智模型-快速参考表格
General Thinking Concepts | 基本思维观念 |
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Inversion | 逆向思维 |
Falsification / Confirmation Bias | 证实偏见 |
Circle of Competence | 能力圈 |
The Principle of Parsimony (Occam’s razor) | 奥卡姆剃刀 |
Hanlon’s Razor | 汉隆剃刀 |
Second-Order Thinking | 第二序思维 |
The Map Is Not the Territory | 地图非疆域 |
Thought Experiments | 爱因斯坦的思想实验 |
Mr. Market | 市场先生 |
Probabilistic Thinking (Numeracy/Bayesian Updating) | 概率思维(算术/贝叶斯修正) |
Default Status | 初始状态 |
Numeracy | 运算能力 |
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Permutations and Combinations | 排列组合 |
Algebraic Equivalence | 代数等式 |
Randomness | 随机性 |
Stochastic Processes (Poisson/Markov/Random Walk) | 随机过程(泊松过程/马尔科夫链/随机漫步) |
Compounding | 复合效应(复利) |
Multiplying by Zero | 乘零效应 |
Churn (Red Queen Effect) | 流失,搅动 |
Law of Large Numbers | 大数定律 |
Bell Curve/Normal Distribution | 正态分布 |
Power Laws | 幂律 |
Fat-Tailed Processes (Extremistan) | 肥尾效应(极端斯坦) |
Bayesian Updating | 贝叶斯方法 |
Regression to the Mean | 均值回归 |
Order of Magnitude | 数量级思维 |
System | 系统理论 |
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Scale | 规模 |
Law of Diminishing Returns | 报酬递减法则 |
Pareto Principle | 帕累托法则 |
Feedback Loops (and Homeostasis) | 反馈环以及内稳态 |
Chaos Dynamics (Sensitivity to Initial Conditions) | 混沌动力学(对初始条件的敏感性) |
Preferential Attachment (Cumulative Advantage) | 偏好依附(优势积累效应) |
Emergence | 涌现理论 |
Irreducibility | 不可化归性/不可约性 |
Tragedy of the Commons | 公地悲剧 |
Gresham’s Law | 格雷欣法则 |
Algorithms | 算法 |
Fragility - Robustness - Antifragility | 脆弱-鲁棒性-反脆弱 |
Backup Systems / Redundancy | 备份系统/冗余 |
Margin of Safety | 安全边际 |
Criticality | 临界态 |
Network Effects | 网络效应 |
Black Swan | 黑天鹅 |
Via Negativa - Omission/Removal/Avoidance of Harm | 否定神学-去除危害 |
The Lindy Effect | 林迪效应 |
Renormalization Group | 重整化群 |
Spring-loading | 螺旋加载 |
Complex Adaptive Systems | 复杂适应系统 |
Physical World | 物理学 |
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Law of Thermodynamics | 热力学原理 |
Reciprocity | 相互作用力 |
Velocity | 速度(速率和方向) |
Relativity | 相对性原理/相对论 |
Activation Energy | 活化能 |
Catalysts | 催化剂 |
Leverage | 杠杆作用 |
Inertia | 惯性 |
Alloying | 合金化 |
The Biological World | 生物学 |
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Incentives | 诱因/动机/激励 |
Cooperation (Including Symbiosis) | 合作(包括共生) |
Tendency to Minimize Energy Output(Mental & Physical) | 耗能最小化趋势 |
Adaptation | 适应 |
Evolution by Natural Selection | 自然选择进化 |
The Red Queen Effect (Co-evolutionary Arms Race) | 红皇后效应(进化军备竞赛) |
Replication | 繁殖 |
Hierarchical and Other Organizing Instincts | 等级制度和其他组织本能 |
Self-Preservation Instincts | 自我保护本能 |
Simple Physiological Reward-Seeking | 简单生物求赏本能 |
Exaptation | 延伸适应 |
Extinction | 灭绝 |
Ecosystems | 生态系统 |
Niches | 生态位(利基) |
Dunbar’s Number | 顿巴数 |
Human Nature & Judgment | 人性与判断 |
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Trust | 新人 |
Bias from Incentives | 激励偏差 |
Pavlovian Mere Association | 巴甫洛夫经典条件反射 |
Tendency to Feel Envy & Jealousy | 天然羡慕嫉妒心 |
Tendency to Distort Due to Liking/Loving or Disliking/Hating | 好恶造成评价偏差 |
Denial | 否认 |
Availability Heuristic | 可得性启发(可得性偏差) |
Representativeness Heuristic | 代表性启发(代表性偏差) |
a. Failure to Account for Base Rates | 基本比率谬误 |
b. Tendency to Stereotype | 刻板印象 |
c. Failure to See False Conjunctions | 关联谬误 |
Social Proof (Safety in Numbers) | 社交证言认同(数字安全感) |
Narrative Instinct | 叙事本能 |
Curiosity Instinct | 好奇心 |
Language Instinct | 语言本能 |
First-Conclusion Bias | 第一结论偏差/先入为主 |
Tendency to Overgeneralize from Small Samples | 以偏概全 |
Relative Satisfaction/Misery Tendencies | 相对的满足、相对的痛苦 |
Commitment & Consistency Bias | 承诺偏差和一致性偏差 |
Hindsight Bias | 事后诸葛亮 |
Sensitivity to Fairness | 公平敏感性 |
Tendency to Overestimate Consistency of Behavior (Fundamental Attribution Error) | 过分估计行为一致性(基本归因错误,高估内因低估外因) |
Influence of Authority | 权威影响 |
Influence of Stress (Including Breaking Points) | 压力影响 |
Survivorship Bias | 幸存者偏差 |
Tendency to Want to Do Something (Fight/Flight, Intervention, Demonstration of Value, etc.) | 盲目行动 |
Microeconomics & Strategy | 微观经济学和策略 |
---|---|
Opportunity Costs | 机会成本 |
Creative Destruction | 创造性破坏 |
Comparative Advantage | 比较优势 |
Specialization (Pin Factory) | 专业分工 |
Seizing the Middle | 控制中场 |
Trademarks, Patents, and Copyrights | 商标,专利,版权 |
Double-Entry Bookkeeping | 复式记账法 |
Utility (Marginal, Diminishing, Increasing) | 效用(边际效用,边际效用递减,边际效用递增) |
Bottlenecks | 瓶颈 |
Prisoner’s Dilemma | 囚徒困境 |
Bribery | 贿赂(寻租) |
Arbitrage | 套利 |
Supply and Demand | 供给和需求 |
Scarcity | 稀缺性 |
Military & War | 军事战争 |
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Seeing the Front | 看到前线/身临前线 |
Asymmetric Warfare | 非对称作战 |
Two-Front War | 两线作战 |
Counterinsurgency | 镇压叛乱 |
Mutually Assured Destruction | 共同毁灭原则(确保同归于尽) |